workshoptools/screwdrivers

The correct screwdriver to use depends on the type of slot or recess in the head of the screw or bolt, and how accessible it is.

Most screwdrivers can't grip as securely as spanners, so it's very important to match the tip of the screwdriver exactly with the slot or recess in the head of a fastener. Otherwise the tool might slip, damaging the fastener, and worse still, you.

When using a screwdriver, always check where the screwdriver blade can end up if it slips off the head of the screw. A screwdriver can't tell the difference between a piece of steel, and a piece of you.

The most common screwdriver has a flat tip, or blade, which gives it the name, blade screwdriver. It's easy to see the blade should be almost as wide as the slot in the fastener so that twisting force applied to the screwdriver is transferred right out to the edges of the head where it has most effect.

Not so easy to see, is that the blade should be a snug fit in the slot of the screw head. Then the twisting force is applied evenly along the sides of the slot. This guards against the screwdriver suddenly chewing a piece out of the slot, and slipping, just when most force is being exerted.

If viewed side-on , the blade should taper until the very end where the tip fits in the slot. If the tip of the blade isn't clean and square, it should be reshaped.

When you use a blade screwdriver, make sure you support the shaft with your free hand as you turn it. This helps keep the blade square on to the slot and centered. Slipping screwdrivers are a common source of damage and injury in workshops.

  

A screw or bolt with a star-shaped recess needs a Phillips or a Pozidrive screwdriver. The star-shaped slot holds the tip of the screwdriver securely on the head.

The Phillips tip fits a tapered recess while the pozidrive fits into slots with parallel sides in the head of the screw. Both a Phillips or Pozidrive head can be pushed and twisted with more confidence, but again the screwdriver must be the right size. This is simplified with these 2 types of screwdriver because 4 sizes are enough to fit almost all fasteners with this sort of screw head.

The Allen key is designed to be a snug fit in screws with a socket head.

The socket and the key are hexagonal in shape, and there's a correct sized key for every socket, so Allen keys come in sets. They can come in either the metric or Imperial system, and are categorized in millimeters or fractions of an inch, according to the distance across opposite flats of the hexagon.They give the best grip on a screw or bolt of all the drivers, and their shape makes them good at getting into tight spots.

The offset screwdriver fits into spaces where nothing else will, and where there's not much room to turn it. The two tips look identical but one's at 90 degrees to the other. This is because sometimes there's sometimes only room to make a quarter turn of the driver. That is why the driver has two blades on opposite ends so that offset ends of the screwdriver can be used alternately.

The ratchet is a popular screwdriver handle that usually comes with a selection of flat and Phillips tips. It has a ratchet inside that turns the blade in only one direction depending on how the slider is set. When set, a screw can be undone without removing the tip of the blade from the head of the screw.

Equally, when set in the opposite direction screws can be inserted just as easily.

This is an impact driver . A screw or a bolt that’s rusty or over tightened needs a tool that can apply more force than the other members of this family.

The impact driver takes a variety of tips. Choose the right one for the screw head, fit the tip in place, and then tension it in the direction it has to turn. A sharp blow with the hammer breaks the screw free, and it can be unscrewed.

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workshoptools/hacksaws

Hacksaws are a common workshop tool. The frames come in a range of shapes and sizes. For any given frame there’s a range of available hacksaw blades to cope with different materials and situations.

The hacksaw frame can be adjusted to take different blade lengths and when the blade is placed in the frame and it is tightened to the correct tension by a tensioning device such as a wing nut.

The hacksaw blade must be of the right pitch which is determined by the number of teeth in an inch of blade. A blade with many teeth per inch has a fine pitch, one with few teeth per inch has a coarse pitch.

The saw blade should be inserted into the frame so that it only cuts on the forward stroke. This is because the teeth gather the metal being removed and can only get rid of it when they come clear of the cut. If a blade cutting through a thick section of metal has too many teeth, in other words the pitch is too fine, they can clog up and stop cutting.

On the other hand, when cutting a piece of sheet metal, if the blade is too coarse the saw teeth could be stripped off of the blade at it try's to cut.

As a rough guide you can determine the correct blade (and number of teeth) by laying the blade across the section being cut. Normally, at least 3 teeth should touch the metal at that point. This will ensure that the blade can do its job.

After the job is done, the tension on the blade should be loosened, to prevent the frame from distorting over time.

  

Cutting large holes in panel steel or thin sheet metal is done by a hole saw. The drill in the center locates the saw accurately and leads it into the surface.

Repetitive cutting through thick sections of material can be hard work, unless you have an abrasive cut-off saw.

These are rated in different sizes, usually from about 250 millimeters to 500 millimeters or 9 3⁄4 inches to 19 1⁄2 inches. That refers to the largest diameter cutting wheel that should be fitted to them.

This is a powerful tool and it demands every precaution. Wear protective clothing, with nothing hanging out or loose, especially long hair. You should cover long hair with a snood cap and of course, wear safety glasses or a full-face shield. The guard on the saw should be properly in place, and the power cord well away from the cutting wheel. Flying Sparks are normal when using this saw, the range of these should be limited by placing a safety screen around the job

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workshoptools/chisel

When using hammers and chisels safety goggles should always be worn. 

This is the most common kind of chisel - a flat chisel. It's made of high-quality steel, and the end is tempered and hardened because it has to be harder than any of the metals you're likely to want to cut with it. The head of the chisel needs to be softer so it won't chip when it's hit with a hammer.

This is a cross-cut chisel. It's called 'cross cut' because the sharpened edge is across the blade width. This chisel narrows down along the stock, so it's good for getting in grooves. It’s used for cleaning out or even making key-ways. The flying chips of metal should always be directed away from the user.

The gasket scraper is not a true chisel. It has a hardened, sharpened blade and it’s designed to remove a gasket without damaging the sealing face of the component. The scraper should be kept sharp to make it easy to remove all traces of the old gasket and sealing compound.

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workshop tools/hammers

The most common hammer in an automotive workshop is the ball pein or engineer's hammer.

Like most hammers its head is hardened steel. A punch or a chisel can be driven with the flat face. Its name comes from the ball pein or rounded face. It’s usually used for flattening, or peining, a rivet. The hammer should always match the size of the job and it's better to use one that's too big, rather than too small.

Hitting chisels with a steel hammer is fine, but sometimes you need just to tap a component, to position it. A steel hammer might mark or damage it, especially if it's made of a softer metal like aluminum. In such cases a soft-face hammer should normally be used for the job. Some are very soft with rubber or plastic heads through to those using brass or copper.

When a large chisel needs a really strong blow, it's time to use the lump hammer. It's like a small mallet, with two square faces made of high carbon steel. It's the heaviest type of hammer that can be used one-handed.

The most common mallet in the workshop has a head made of hard rubber. It's a special purpose tool, and is often used for moving things into place where it is important not to damage the item being moved.

This is a dead blow hammer. It’s designed not to bounce back when it hits something. A rebounding hammer can be dangerous or destructive. Its head is either made of lead, or it’s hollow with lead shot inside. The lead absorbs the blow

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THE MOST DATING SPOT IN KTM.

Museums and temples - even these are not left by young couples in their pursuit to find a perfect, peaceful and pleasant dating place in the capital. Common public places like the Central Zoo and Tundikhel are already overflowing with a large number of couples. And with no other places to go on dates, there is a huge problem for the youth to find an affordable and peaceful place.Godavari, Tribhuvan Park, Chobhar are evergreen dating places. However, it is time-consuming to get there.Many couples are forced to find their perfect dating spot in restaurants at Durbar Marg, Thamel, and New Road. couples displaying their affection publicly may not be pleasing for both the couples and others.

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